KEY NOTE,  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES

Key notes, signs and symptoms are most important to find out the diseases. So we tried to help you to find out most common diseases which spread around you.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) : Low Grade Afternoon Fever.

Pneumonia : Rust Coloured Sputum.

Asthma : Wheezing on Expiration.

Emphysema : Barrel Chest.

Kawasaki Syndrome : Strawberry Tongue.

Pernicious Anemia : Red Beefy Tongue.

Down Syndrome : Protruding Tongue.

Cholera : Rice Watery Stool and washer woman’s hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration).

Malaria : Stepladder like Fever with Chills.

Typhoid : Rose spots on the abdomen.

Dengue : Fever, Rash, and headache. Positive Herman’s Sign (Macular or Measles-like Rash on the palms and spreads up the arms, body and legs. Fades slowly and followed by branny desquamation of the skin.)

Diphtheria : Pseudomembrane formation.

Measles : Koplik’s Spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa).

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Butterfly Rash.

Leprosy : Leonine Facies (thickened folded facial skin).

Bulimia : Chipmunk Facies (parotid gland swelling).

Appendicitis :

1.Rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point.
2.Rovsing’s Sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ).
3.Psoas Sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip).

Meningitis :

1.Kernig’s Sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees).
2.Brudzinski’s Sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips).

Tetany :
1.Hypocalcaemia.

2.Trousseau’s Sign. (blood pressure cuff is placed around the arm and inflated to a pressure greater than the systolic blood pressure and held in place for 3 minutes. This will occlude the brachial artery. In the absence of blood flow, the patient’s hypocalcemia and subsequent neuromuscular irritability will induce spasm of the muscles of the hand and forearm. The wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints flex, the DIP and PIP joints extend, and the fingers adduct. The sign is also known as main d’accoucheur(French for “hand of the obstetrician”) because it supposedly resembles the position of an obstetrician’s hand in delivering a baby._

3.Chvostek Sign. (When the facial nerve is tapped in front of tragus the facial muscles on the same side of the face will contract momentarily (typically a twitch of the nose or lips).

Tetanus : Risus Sardonicus or Rictus Grin. (abnormal, sustained spasm of the facial muscles that appears to produce grinning)

Pancreatitis :

1.Cullen’s Sign (Ecchymosis of the Umbilicus).
2.Grey Turner’s Sign (Bruising of the Flank).

Pyloric Stenosis : Olive like Mass.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus :

Washing Machine – like Murmur.

Addison’s Disease : Bronze like Skin Pigmentation.

Cushing’s Syndrome : Moon Face Appearance and Buffalo Hump.

Grave’s Disease :

Exophthalmos (Bulging of the Eye out of the Orbit).

Intussusception : Sausage – Shaped Mass.

Multiple Sclerosis :

Charcot’s Triad : Nystagmus, Intention Tremor, and Dysarthria.

Myasthenia Gravis :

Ascending Muscle Weakness, Ptosis (Drooping of Eyelids).

Guillain – Barre Syndrome :

Ascending Muscles Weakness.

Botulism :

1.Descending weakness

2.involvement of extra ocular muscles (ophthalmoplegia)

3.Constipation

Angina :

Crushing, Stabbing pain relieved by NTG.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) :

Crushing, Stabbing pain Radiating to Left Shoulder, Neck, and Arms, Unrelieved by NTG.

Parkinson’s Disease : Pill – Rolling Tremors.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection :

Owl’s Eye Appearance of Cells (Huge Nucleus in Cells).

Glaucoma : Tunnel Vision.

Retinal Detachment :

Flashes of Light, Shadow with Curtain across Vision.

Basilar Skull Fracture :

1.Raccoon Eyes (Periorbital Ecchymosis).

2.Battle’s Sign (Mastoid Ecchymosis).

Buerger’s Disease :

Intermittent Claudication (Pain at Buttocks or Legs from Poor Circulation Resulting in Impaired Walking).

Diabetic Keto Acidosis :

Acetone Breathe.

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) :

Proteinuria, Hypertension, Edema.

Diabetes Mellitus :

Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Polyuria.

Hirschsprung’s Disease (Toxic Megacolon) :

Ribbon – Like Stool.

Sexual Transmitted Infections :

Herpes simplex Type II : Painful Vesicles on Genitalia.

Genital Warts :

Warts 1-2mm in Diameter.

Syphilis : Painless Chancres.

Chancroid : Painful chancres.

Gonorrhea : Green, Creamy Discharges and Painful Urination.

Chlamydia : Milky Discharge and Painful Urination.

Candidiasis : White Cheesy Odorless Vaginal Discharges.

Trichomoniasis:

Yellow, Itchy, Frothy, and Foul Smelling

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